The ability to measure fluxes of carbon from and between industry, agricultural, and managed ecosystems is central to our ability to regulate these fluxes through emissions quotas and trading schemes such as Joint Implementation (JI) and the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). What organizational and technical innovations are required
to develop a robust system for carbon accounting? To what extent does the development of a successful international regulatory regime depend on robust accounting schemes? Similar questions arise for emissions of other greenhouse substances.

I will focus on technical means of monitoring emissions and budgets, looking both at the current state-of-the-art and assessing the potential for novel measurement technologies.